Nkuko twese tubizi, "zahabu icyenda na feza icumi" nigihembwe cyambere cyo kugurisha imodoka, ariko ibintu byo "kubura intandaro" biterwa no gukwirakwiza icyorezo mumahanga bikomeje kwangirika.Ibihangange byinshi byimodoka ku isi bihatirwa kugabanya umusaruro cyangwa guhagarika umusaruro mugihe gito kuva Kanama kugeza Nzeri.Ingufu nshya "Rookies" nazo zahinduye ibyo ziteganijwe kugurishwa mugihembwe cya gatatu, bigatuma umubare wubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa 4S hamwe nabacuruza imodoka bigabanuka mugihe cya "zahabu icyenda" kandi "nta modoka ishobora kugurishwa" Birasa nkibisanzwe bisanzwe y'abacuruzi bamwe n'abacuruza imodoka.
Hejuru: Imashini zikoresha zazamutse cyane
Mubyukuri, imodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kuvura, LEDS ndetse n ibikinisho ubu ni imirongo 360, kandi harabura chip.Impamvu ituma "ibura ryimodoka idafite intangiriro" iri kumwanya wa mbere nuko chip yimodoka yazamutse cyane.
Urebye ku murongo, ukurikije COVID-19, gusa mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2020, inganda zibarirwa mu magana zahagaritswe kubera gucunga neza, kubura ibice no kubura akazi.Mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka, isoko ry’imodoka ku isi ryagarutse mu buryo butunguranye, kandi igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye ryongeye kwiyongera, ariko ubushobozi bw’ibanze bwo gukora ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byashyizwe mu zindi nganda.Kugeza ubu, insanganyamatsiko y "ibinyabiziga bisobanura chip ibura" yaturitse inganda zose kunshuro yambere.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwihariye, kuva 2020 kugeza 2021q1, chip zidakabije mububiko ni MCU ikoreshwa muri ESP (sisitemu yumubiri wa elegitoronike) hamwe na ECU (sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho).Muri bo, abatanga ESP nyamukuru ni Bosch, ZF, Continental, Autoliv, Hitachi, Nisin, Wandu, Aisin, nibindi.
Ariko, guhera mu 2021q2, icyorezo cya covid-19 muri Maleziya, inganda zipakira nogupima amasosiyete manini mpuzamahanga ya chip mpuzamahanga mu gihugu cyahatiwe gufunga kubera iki cyorezo, kandi ikibazo cyo kubura imashini zikoresha imodoka gikomeje kwiyongera.Muri iki gihe, ibura rya chipi yimodoka ryakwirakwiriye kuva MCU muri ESP / ECU kugera kuri milimetero ya radar ya radar, sensor hamwe nizindi chip zidasanzwe.
Uhereye ku isoko, amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura no gucunga amasoko yerekana ko mu gihe ibintu bitangwa neza kandi bikenewe, igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’abacuruzi b’imodoka muri rusange ni 7% - 10%.Ariko, kubera kubura muri rusange, chip nyinshi zimodoka zizunguruka mumasoko ya Huaqiang yiyongereyeho inshuro zirenga 10 mugihe cyumwaka.
Ni muri urwo rwego, amaherezo leta yafashe akajagari ku isoko rya politiki!Mu ntangiriro za Nzeri byavuzwe ko ibigo bitatu bikwirakwiza imashini zikoresha amamodoka byaciwe amande angana na miliyoni 2.5 n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura no gucunga amasoko kubera kuzamura igiciro cy’imodoka.Biravugwa ko ibigo byakwirakwijwe haruguru bizagurisha chipi hamwe nigiciro cyo kugura kiri munsi yamafaranga 10 ku giciro cyo hejuru y’amafaranga arenga 400, hamwe n’igiciro cyiyongereyeho inshuro 40.
None ni ryari ibura rya chip yerekana ibinyabiziga bishobora kugabanuka?Inganda zumvikanyweho nuko bigoye kubikemura burundu mugihe gito.
Ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa ryatangaje muri Kanama ko ikibazo cya chip ku isi cyatewe n’abakora amamodoka kugabanya umusaruro bidashoboka ko gikemuka vuba kuko icyorezo gikomeje kwiyongera mu bice byinshi by’isi.
Dukurikije ibyahanuwe na Ihsmarkit, ingaruka zo kubura chip ku musaruro w’imodoka zizakomeza kugeza mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, kandi itangwa rishobora guhagarara neza mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2022, kandi ritangira gukira mu gice cya kabiri cya 2022.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa Infineon, Reinhard Ploss, yavuze ko kubera umuvuduko ukabije w’ibikorwa bya semiconductor ndetse n’ibikenewe cyane, biteganijwe ko ibiciro bya chip bizamuka cyane.Kuva 2023 kugeza 2024, isoko ya semiconductor irashobora kuba hejuru, kandi ikibazo cyo gutanga amasoko nacyo kizavuka.
Umuyobozi w’ubucuruzi bwa Volkswagen muri Amerika yizera ko umusaruro w’imodoka muri Amerika utazasubira mu buryo kugeza igice cya kabiri cya 2022.
Hagati: "imbaraga zumuntu zavunitse" kugirango uhangane ningaruka zo kubura intoki
Ingaruka ziterwa no kubura itangwa rya chip, amasosiyete menshi yimodoka agomba "kuvunika amaboko" kugirango abeho - icyiza ni uguha umwanya wambere wo gutanga moderi zingenzi, cyane cyane imodoka nshya zashyizwe ahagaragara hamwe nimbaraga nshya zigurishwa. ibinyabiziga.Niba idafasha, izagabanya by'agateganyo umusaruro kandi ihagarike umusaruro.Nyuma ya byose, "kubaho ni ngombwa kuruta byose".
(1) Imishinga gakondo yimodoka, umusaruro usanzwe "byihutirwa rwose".Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, kuva muri Kanama kugeza muri Nzeri, inganda z’imodoka zatangaje kugabanya umusaruro muke no guhagarika zirimo:
Honda yatangaje ku ya 17 Nzeri ko biteganijwe ko umusaruro w’imodoka mu nganda zayo mu Buyapani kuva muri Kanama kugeza muri Nzeri uzaba munsi ya 60% ugereranije n’umugambi wambere, naho umusaruro ukagabanuka hafi 30% mu ntangiriro z'Ukwakira.
Toyota yatangaje muri Kanama ko inganda zayo 14 zo mu Buyapani zizahagarika umusaruro muburyo butandukanye kubera kubura chip muri Kanama na Nzeri, igihe ntarengwa cyo guhagarika iminsi 11.Biteganijwe ko mu kwezi k'Ukwakira umusaruro wa Toyota ku isi uzagabanuka ku 330000, bingana na 40% bya gahunda yo gutangiza umusaruro.
Subaru yatangaje kandi ko igihe cyo guhagarika uru ruganda n’uruganda rwa Yadao rw’ikigo gishinzwe umusaruro wa Gunma (Umujyi wa Taitian, intara ya Gunma) kizongerwa ku ya 22 Nzeri.
Byongeye kandi, Suzuki izahagarika umusaruro ku ruganda rwa Hamamatsu (Umujyi wa Hamamatsu) ku ya 20 Nzeri.
Usibye Ubuyapani, inganda z’imodoka muri Amerika, Ubudage ndetse n’ibindi bihugu nazo zahagaritse umusaruro cyangwa kugabanya umusaruro.
AP yatangaje ko ku ya 2 Nzeri ku isaha yaho, General Motors yatangaje ko 8 mu nganda zayo 15 zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru zizahagarika umusaruro mu byumweru bibiri biri imbere kubera ikibazo cya chipi.
Byongeye kandi, uruganda rukora amamodoka ya Ford rwatangaje kandi ko ruzahagarika umusaruro w’amakamyo mu ruganda ruteranya mu mujyi wa Kansas mu byumweru bibiri biri imbere, kandi inganda ebyiri z’amakamyo muri Michigan na Kentucky zizagabanya ingendo zabo.
Skoda n'intebe, amashami ya Volkswagen, bombi basohoye bavuga ko inganda zabo zizahagarika umusaruro kubera kubura chipi.Muri byo, uruganda rwa Skoda rwo muri Tchèque ruzahagarika umusaruro icyumweru kimwe mu mpera za Nzeri;Igihe cyo guhagarika uruganda rwa SIAT rwa Espagne ruzongerwa kugeza 2022.
(2) Imodoka nshya zingufu, "kubura intandaro" umuyaga wibasiye.
Nubwo ikibazo cy "ibura ryimodoka" kigaragara, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu biracyashyushye mumyaka yashize kandi bikunze guterwa nigishoro.
Dukurikije imibare ya buri kwezi y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa, igurishwa ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa muri Kanama ryari miliyoni 1.799, rikagabanuka ku kwezi 3.5% ku kwezi na 17.8% umwaka ushize.Nyamara, isoko ry’imodoka nshya y’Ubushinwa iracyaruta isoko, kandi umusaruro n’igurisha byakomeje kwiyongera ukwezi ku kwezi.Ibicuruzwa n'ibicuruzwa byarenze 300000 kunshuro yambere, bigera ku nyandiko nshya.
Igitangaje, "gukubita mu maso" byaje byihuse.
Ku ya 20 Nzeri, imodoka nziza yatangaje ko kubera ko covid-19 ikunzwe cyane muri Maleziya, umusaruro wa chipi yihariye kubatanga milimetero ya radar itanga uruganda warahagaritswe cyane.Kubera ko igipimo cyo kugarura ibicuruzwa kiri munsi yicyari giteganijwe, ubu isosiyete iteganya ko imodoka zigera kuri 24500 zizatangwa mugihembwe cya gatatu cya 2021, ugereranije n’imodoka 25000 kugeza 26000.
Mubyukuri, imodoka ya Weilai, indi sosiyete iyoboye inganda nshya zo mu gihugu, na yo yavuze ko mu ntangiriro za Nzeri ko kubera kutamenya neza no guhindagurika kw'itangwa rya semiconductor, ubu irimo kugabanya ibyo itangwa mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy'uyu mwaka.Nkuko byari byarahanuwe, gutanga ibinyabiziga mu gihembwe cya gatatu cyuyu mwaka bizagera kuri 225000 kugeza 235000, munsi yibyo byari biteganijwe kuri 230000 kugeza 250000.
Biravugwa ko imodoka nziza, imodoka ya Weilai na Xiaopeng n’imodoka eshatu ziyobora amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, zirushanwa na Tesla, uruganda rukora amashanyarazi muri Amerika, hamwe n’amasosiyete yaho nka Geely na Great Wall Motors.
Noneho imodoka nziza hamwe na Weilai ibinyabiziga byombi byagabanije ibyifuzo byabo bya Q3, byerekana ko imiterere yimodoka nshya zitameze neza kurenza bagenzi babo.Kubushobozi bwo gukora ibinyabiziga, icyorezo kiracyari ikintu gikomeye.
Ikigaragara ni uko guverinoma nyinshi z’Uburayi n’Amerika zaje imbere kuvugana na Maleziya, twizera ko Maleziya ishobora gushyira imbere itangwa ry’imodoka ku bigo byayo bwite.Abayobozi bakuru b’imodoka z’abashinwa basabye ku mugaragaro leta guhuza iki kibazo.
Hasi: garage "irimo ubusa" kandi umucuruzi "nta modoka afite yo kugurisha"
"Ubuke buke" bwatumye igabanuka ry'umusaruro no koherezwa mu nganda zo hagati, bituma habaho ibura rikomeye ry'ibarura ry'ibigo byamamaza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, kandi byateje impinduka ku isoko ry'imodoka ku isi.
Iya mbere ni igabanuka ryibicuruzwa.Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa, ryibasiwe n’ibura ry’imodoka, igurishwa ry’isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa ryageze kuri 1453000 muri Kanama 2021, umwaka ushize ugabanuka 14.7% naho ukwezi ku kwezi kugabanuka 3.3. % muri Kanama.
Nk’uko imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi rikora amamodoka ku ya 16 Nzeri ibivuga, iyandikwa ry’imodoka nshya mu Burayi ryagabanutseho 24% na 18% umwaka ushize ku mwaka muri Nyakanga na Kanama uyu mwaka, ni ukuvuga amezi abiri hamwe na kugabanuka kwinshi kuva iherezo ry’ubukungu bw’akarere ka euro ryarangiye muri 2013.
Icya kabiri, igaraje ryabacuruzi ni "ubusa".Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru byo mu gihugu bibitangaza, bamwe mu bacuruzi batangaje ko kuva mu mpera za Nyakanga, hagaragaye ikibazo rusange cy’ibicuruzwa bikunzwe muri sisitemu y’abacuruzi DMS, kandi kuva mu gihembwe cya gatatu, ibicuruzwa byinshi byakomeje gutangwa rimwe na rimwe, n'ibinyabiziga bimwe na bimwe bidafite ibinyabiziga bihari.
Byongeye kandi, igihe cyo kubara no kugurisha cya bamwe mubacuruzi cyaragabanutse kugera ku minsi 20, kikaba kiri munsi y’agaciro k’ubuzima kamenyekana mu nganda iminsi 45.Ibi bivuze ko ibi nibikomeza, bizabangamira cyane imikorere ya buri munsi yabacuruzi.
Icyakurikiyeho, habaye ikibazo cyo kuzamuka kw'ibiciro ku isoko ryimodoka.Umuyobozi mukuru wububiko bwa 4S i Beijing yavuze ko kubera ibura rya chipi, umusaruro uba muke ubu, kandi imodoka zimwe na zimwe zikenera ibicuruzwa.Nta bubiko bwinshi bubitse, hamwe ugereranije wiyongereyeho 20000.
Bibaho ko hari urubanza rusa.Ku isoko ry’imodoka muri Amerika, kubera ibinyabiziga bidahagije, impuzandengo yo kugurisha amamodoka yo muri Amerika yarenze $ 41000 muri Kanama, ikaba yari hejuru cyane.
Hanyuma, hari ikintu abadandaza b'imodoka nziza bagura imodoka zikoreshwa mugiciro cya fagitire.Biravugwa ko kuri ubu, amaduka agera kuri 4S y’ibigo by’imodoka zihenze muri Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Tianjin, Sichuan no mu tundi turere byatangije ibikorwa byo gutunganya imodoka zikoreshwa ku giciro cy’itike.
Byumvikane ko igiciro cyinshi cyo gutunganya imodoka zintoki ari imyitwarire ya bamwe mubacuruza imodoka nziza.Bamwe mu bacuruzi b'imodoka nziza bafite amasoko ahagije ugereranije nibiciro bishya by'imodoka ntibitabiriye.Umucuruzi ucuruza ibintu byinshi yavuze ko mbere yo kubura chip, moderi nyinshi zerekana ibicuruzwa byiza byagabanijwe kubiciro byanyuma.Ati: “Igiciro cyo kugabanya imodoka mu myaka ibiri ishize cyarenze amanota 15.Twakusanyije dukurikije igiciro cya fagitire turayigurisha ku giciro cyo kuyobora imodoka nshya, inyungu zirenga 10000. ”
Abacuruzi bavuzwe haruguru bavuze ko abacuruzi bahura n’ingaruka zimwe na zimwe mu gutunganya imodoka zikoreshwa ku giciro cyo hejuru.Niba hari umubare munini wimodoka kandi umusaruro wimodoka nshya wiyongera mugihe gito, kugurisha imodoka zikoreshwa bizagira ingaruka.Niba bidashobora kugurishwa, imodoka zikoreshwa zagaruwe ku giciro cyo hejuru zizagurishwa ku giciro gito.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-23-2021